The process in which the set of various electrical, measurement and control instruments interconnected to measure, analyze and control electrical and non-electrical physical quantities is called instrumentation.
Basically, there are various types of instruments, such as electrical, electronic, and mechanical. Instrumentation is further classified into different types, such as electrical instrumentation, industrial instrumentation, electronic instrumentation, mechanical instrumentation, etc.
Once this concept is clarified, it is a good time to focus on industrial instrumentation.
Description
Following forms in the industry:
fluid pressure
The flow of fluids
The temperature of an object
The volume of fluid stored in a container
The chemical concentration
The position of the machine, movement or acceleration
The physical dimensions of an object
The Count (inventory) of objects
Voltage, current or electrical resistance, etc.
Once we measure the quantity we are interested in, we typically transmit a signal representing this quantity to a PLC/DCS system where a human (manual) or automated action then takes place.
Therefore, if the control action is automated, the PLC/DCS sends a signal to a final control device which then influences the quantity being measured.
Generally, the control devices are the electric motor, control valve and electric heater. These instrumentation and control devices are connected to the measurement devices through a physical system called a “process.”
Most industries are automated to facilitate operation for this purpose; Microcontroller and microprocessors are required for programmable switching. For example, in many industries, industrial energy scheduling is automated using embedded systems.